Karl II. war ein englischer König, der am 29. Mai 1630 geboren wurde und am 6. Februar 1685 verstarb. Er entstammte dem Haus Stuart und regierte von 1660 bis zu seinem Tod über England, Schottland und Irland. Schon nach der Hinrichtung seines Vaters Karl I. im Januar 1649 riefen ihn die Monarchisten zum König aus, doch seine tatsächliche Thronbesteigung erfolgte erst im Mai 1660 mit der Stuart-Restauration. Als zweiter Sohn Karls I. und Henriettas Maria, einer französischen Prinzessin, war Karl der erhoffte Thronfolger, nachdem sein älterer Bruder kurz nach der Geburt gestorben war. Er erhielt eine umfassende Erziehung, unter anderem von Thomas Hobbes, und wurde früh in Staatsangelegenheiten eingeführt. Während des Englischen Bürgerkriegs zeigte er bereits als Kind Mut, als er sich mit einer Pistole bewaffnet vor Parlamentstruppen versteckte. Um 1644 begannen Heiratspläne für Karl, die jedoch scheiterten. Er soll in dieser Zeit seine erste sexuelle Beziehung mit seiner ehemaligen Erzieherin Christabella Wyndham gehabt haben. Später floh Karl aus dem Bürgerkrieg nach Jersey und dann nach Frankreich, wo er mit seiner Familie im Exil lebte. Dort lernte er Lucy Walter kennen, mit der er einen Sohn, James, hatte, der später als James Scott, 1. Duke of Monmouth, bekannt wurde. Nach der Hinrichtung seines Vaters im Jahr 1649 wurde Karl in Schottland zum König gekrönt, nachdem er das Scottish Covenant unterzeichnet hatte. Doch seine Bemühungen, gegen Oliver Cromwell vorzugehen, scheiterten in der Schlacht von Worcester, woraufhin er erneut ins Exil fliehen musste. Er lebte in Den Haag, Spa, Aachen, Köln und Brügge, wo er für seinen ausschweifenden Lebensstil bekannt war und weitere illegitime Kinder zeugte. Im Mai 1660 kehrte Karl nach England zurück und wurde triumphal in London empfangen, was die Restauration der Monarchie einleitete. Er heiratete Katharina von Braganza, die eine reiche Mitgift mitbrachte, aber keine legitimen Kinder zur Welt brachte. Dies führte zu Spannungen und der sogenannten "Bedchamber Crisis", da Karl zahlreiche Mätressen hatte, darunter Barbara Villiers und Nell Gwyn. Trotz der Kinderlosigkeit Katharinas und der Forderungen nach einer Scheidung weigerte sich Karl, da er die Autorität des Parlaments in seinen persönlichen Angelegenheiten nicht anerkennen wollte. Seine Regierungszeit war von Katastrophen wie der Großen Pest und dem Großen Brand von London geprägt, sowie von außenpolitischen Konflikten wie dem Zweiten Holländischen Krieg. Karl II. versuchte, Toleranz gegenüber Katholiken zu zeigen, stieß jedoch auf Widerstand im Parlament, das die Thronfolge seines katholischen Bruders Jakob verhindern wollte. Ein Komplott zu seiner Ermordung, der Rye House Plot, wurde 1683 aufgedeckt. Karl II. starb unerwartet im Februar 1685 an Harnvergiftung und konvertierte kurz vor seinem Tod zum katholischen Glauben. Er wurde in der Westminster Abbey beigesetzt.
A Circumstantial Account of the Preparations for the Coronation of His Majesty King Charles the Second, and a minute detail of that splendid ceremony... from an original manuscript by Sir Edward Walker, Knight, Garter Principal King at Arms. London, 1820
"Poem to His Sacred Majesty, on the plot: A Poem as it was presented to His Sacred Majesty on the discovery of the plott / written by a lady of quality," by Ephelia, 1679. Attributed alternatively to Mrs. Joan Philips or to Lady Mary Villiers (later Mary Stewart, Duchess of Richmond and Duchess of Lenox). Printed presumably at London. 33 cm x 29 cm. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Game entitled Historical pastime. A new game of the history of England from William 1st to William 4th; has 134 circles. First 20 transcribed as examples; New game of the history of England from William 1st to William 4th; Hastings (1); 1066 W I (2); Doomsday book (3); New Forest (4); Holy Lane (5); 1087 W II (6); Robert D. of Normandy (7); Death of W II (8); 1100 Henry I (9); 1135 K. S. (11); War (12); Matilda (13); 1154 H II (14); Alexander (15); BBeckett [sic] (16); 1189 R I (17); Massacre of the Jews (18); 1199 K J. (19); Prince Arthur (20); Interdict (21); Historical pastime. A new game of the history of England from William 1st to William 4th
Game entitled Historical pastime. A new game of the history of England from William 1st to William 4th; has 134 circles. First 20 transcribed as examples; New game of the history of England from William 1st to William 4th; Hastings (1); 1066 W I (2); Doomsday book (3); New Forest (4); Holy Lane (5); 1087 W II (6); Robert D. of Normandy (7); Death of W II (8); 1100 Henry I (9); 1135 K. S. (11); War (12); Matilda (13); 1154 H II (14); Alexander (15); BBeckett [sic] (16); 1189 R I (17); Massacre of the Jews (18); 1199 K J. (19); Prince Arthur (20); Interdict (21); Historical pastime. A new game of the history of England from William 1st to William 4th
Bradpole: memorial to King Charles IIs escape down Lee Lane This stone stands on the A35 by the Lee Lane turning, and explains that King Charles II 'escaped capture through this lane, Sept. XXIII MDCLI (23 September 1651). It was erected on the same date in 1901.
Ancien possesseur : Louis XIV (1638-1715 ; roi de France). Ancien possesseur
Ancien possesseur : Louis (1638-1715)
Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : MusMMA
Langue : sans contenu linguistique
Ancien possesseur : Louis XIV (1638-1715 ; roi de France). Ancien possesseur
Ancien possesseur : Louis (1638-1715)
Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : MusMMA
Langue : sans contenu linguistique
A "wanted poster" for Charles II of England, 7 September 1651. Published 4 days after the Battle of Worcester while Charles was trying to escape to France and about the time he famously hid in the Royal Oak in Boscome Wood.
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Bildquelle: CharlesIISig.svg Autor: Connormah, Charles II, via Wikimedia Commons Lizenz: gemeinfrei
Master's Court in London Charterhouse, in the snow, showing the Great Hall (left) and 17th century porch with Charles II's arms above.
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Bildquelle: Drevnosti_RG_v5_ill_037.jpg Autor: ru:Солнцев, Фёдор Григорьевич, via Wikimedia Commons Lizenz: gemeinfrei
Древности Российского государства (Antiquities of Russian country), 1846—1853. Иллюстратор — ru:Солнцев, Фёдор Григорьевич
Серебряная сулея присланная Царю Михаилу Феодоровичу Английским Королем Карлом II, в 1664 году. Рисунок Отд. V. № 37.
During King Charles II flight from the Battle of Worcester, he stayed the night of September 23-24 1651 in Broadwindsor. This plaque commemerates that and was erected on the 4th of April 1902
CollectieVoorhelm SchneevoogtInventarisnummerNL-HlmNHA_1477_53009797BeschrijvingKoning Karel II van Engeland spreekt een kleine groep staande leden van de Staten-Generaal toe, 1 juni 1660.Episode tijdens zijn rondreis door en vertrek uit de Nederlanden. De koning staande achter een tafel, aan de muur portretten van de stadhouders Willem I, Maurits, Frederik Hendrik en Willem II.Gravure door Theodor Matham naar een tekening van Jacob Toorenvliet; gesigneerdFotonummerNL-HlmNHA_1477_53009797DocumenttypeHistorieprenten, tekeningen en foto'sVervaardigerMatham, Theodor (1605/1606-1676), Toorenvliet, Jacob (1640-1719) AnnotatiesGebruikt als illustratie in: Abraham de Wicquefort, Verhael in forme van journael, van de reys ende 't vertoeven van [...] Carel de II koning van Groot Britannien, &c. welcke hy in Hollandt gedaen heeft, Adriaen Vlacq, Den Haag 1660.Begindatum1660Einddatum1660TechniekGrafiek Drukwerk Afmeting hoogte (cm)31,8Afmeting breedte (cm)41LiteratuurHollstein Dutch 50-54
Schooneveld battles of 7 and 14 June 1673 between the combined Anglo-French fleet and the Dutch fleet. Above the battle, left to right: military commanders and leaders French, Dutch and English.
Scan of page 1 of King Charles II's Charter to William Penn, March 4 1681, held by the Pennsylvania State Archives, Harrisburg, Record Group 26: Records of the Department of State, Basic Documents, 4 pages, parchment with iron gall ink.
A cast silver oval medal, tarnished and with its upper part and suspension loop broken off. The obverse bears an uncrowned bust of Charles II facing right, with a raised border around. The reverse bears an image of a phoenix rising from the flames with rays of light above and an oval border around, all incised.
Bildquelle: Sally_Port.jpg Autor: This image photographed by Brian Burnell with permission was uploaded to Commons by George Hutchinson.To see his entire portfolio, click here.
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Attribution, via Wikimedia Commons Lizenz: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
The Sally Port adjacent to the Square Tower on the Portsmouth Harbour fortifications. A Sally Port is an opening in the walls where mariners could enter and leave, and from where garrison soldiers could "sally forth" to engage an enemy outside the walls.
This Sally Port is where the bride of King Charles II, Catherine of Braganza disembarked in England on 14 May 1662 for her wedding at Domus Dei nearby, more commonly known now as the Royal Garrison Church of Portsmouth.
Image uploaded by me User:George.Hutchinson from a photograph taken by and supplied by Brian Burnell.
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Exhibit in the Albany Institute of History and Art, Albany, New York, USA. This artwork is in the public domain because the artist died more than 70 years ago. Photography was permitted in the museum without restriction.
The Scots Holding Their Young King's Nose To the Grindstone. A satirical view of the Scots imposing conditions on Charles in return for supporting his claims to the Scottish and English crowns, from a contemporary English pamphlet.
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Bildquelle: The_Whores'_Petition_(1668).jpg Autor: Elizabeth Cresswell and Damaris Page, via Wikimedia Commons Lizenz: gemeinfrei
Satirical petition ostensibly written by Elizabeth Cresswell, Damaris Page and other brothel keeps to Lady Castlemaine, the lover of Charles II. March 1668.
Text:
The Poor-Whores Petition to the most Splendid, Illustrious and Eminent Lady of Pleasure, the Countess of Castlmaine etc. The Honorable Petition of the Undone Company of poor distressed Whores, Bawds, Pimps, and Panders, etc.
Humbly sheweth,
That your petitioners having been for a long time connived at and countenanced in the practice of our venereal pleasures (a trade wherein your ladyship hath great experience, and for your diligence therein have arrived to high and eminent advancement for these late years), but now we, through the rage and malice of a company of London apprentices and other malicious and very bad persons, being mechanic, rude and ill-bred boys, have sustained the loss of our habitations, trades and employments; and many of us that have had foul play in the court and sports of Venus, being full of ulcers, but were in a hopeful way of recovery, have our cures retarded through this barbarous and un-Venus like usage, and all of us exposed to very hard shifts, being made uncapable of giving that entertainment, as the honor and dignity of such persons as frequented our houses doth call for, as your ladyship by your own practice hath experimented the knowledge of.
We therefore being moved by the imminent danger now impending and the great sense of our present suffering, do implore your Honor to improve your interest, which (all know) is great that some speedy relief may be afforded us, to prevent our utter ruin and undoing. And that such a sure course may be taken with the ringleaders and abettors of these evil disposed persons that a stop may be put unto them before they come to your honor’s palace and bring contempt upon your worshiping of Venus, the great goddess whom we all adore.
Wherefore in our devotion (your honor being eminently concerned with us) we humbly judge it mete that you procure the French, Irish and English Hectors, being our approved friends, to be our guard, aid and protectors, and to free us from these ill home-bred slaves that threaten your destruction as well as ours that so your ladyship may escape our present calamity. Else we know not how soon it may be your honor’s own case: for should your eminency but once fall into these rough hands, you may expect no more favor than they have shown unto us poor inferior whores.
Will your eminency therefore be pleased to consider how highly it concerns you to restore us to our former practice with honor, freedom and safety; for which we shall oblige ourselves by as many oaths as you please, to contribute to your ladyship (as our sisters do at Rome and Venice to His Holiness the Pope) that we may have your protection in the exercise of all our Venereal pleasures. And we shall endeavor, as our bounden duty, the promoting of your great name and the preservation of your honor, safety and interest, with the hazard of our lives, fortunes and honesty.
And your petitioners shall (as by custom bound) evermore pray, etc.
Signed by us, Madam Cresswell and Damaris Page, in the behalf of our sisters and fellow sufferers (in this day of our calamity) in Dog and Bitch Yard, Lukenor’s Lane, Saffron Hill, Moorfields, Chiswell Street, Rosemary Lane, Nightingale Lane, Ratcliffe Highway, Well Close, East Smithfield etc., this present 25th cay of March 1668
Vertical sundial on the south porch of St Mary's parish church, Throwleigh, Devon. It is dated 1663 and bears the inscriptions "Vivat Carolus Secundus" and a Latin motto.
IdentificatieTitel(s): Triomftocht op het water bij de aankomst te Londen van koning Karel II en koningin Catharina van Braganza. Aqua Triumphalis / The triumphall entertainment of ye King and Queenes (...) (titel op object) Reis van Catharina van Braganza van Portugal naar Londen (serietitel) Objecttype: prent Objectnummer: RP-P-1879-A-3177Catalogusreferentie: Hollstein Dutch 19Opschriften / Merken: Verzamelaarsmerk; verso, gestempeld: Lugt 2228Omschrijving: De aankomst van koningin Catharina van Braganza in Londen op de rivier de Thames op 23 augustus 1662. Zij wordt welkom geheten door de burgemeester en burgers van Londen. Het schip van de koning en koningin wordt omgeven door boten, die de verschillende gildes representeren. Prent maakt deel uit van een serie over de reis van Catharina van Braganza van Portugal naar Londen, waar zij met Karel II van Engeland trouwde, in 1662.VervaardigingVervaardiger: prentmaker: Dirk Stoop (vermeld op object), opgedragen aan:opgedragen door: Dirk StoopPlaats vervaardiging: EngelandDatering: 1662Fysieke kenmerken: ets en gravureMateriaal: papier Techniek: etsen / graveren (drukprocedé)Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 184 mm × b 540 mmOnderwerpWat: triumphal entry and public reception, pageant, 'entrée solennelle', 'joyeuse entrée' - AA - festivities on the waterboat propelled by man or animalWanneer: 1662-08-23 - 1662-09-22Waar: Londen. TheemsWie: Catharina van Bragança. Karel II (koning van Engeland)Verwerving en rechtenVerwerving: aankoop 1879Copyright: Publiek domein
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