Andrew Johnson war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker und von 1865 bis 1869 der 17. Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten. Er trat sein Amt am 15. April 1865 an, am Tag nach dem tödlichen Attentat auf seinen Vorgänger Abraham Lincoln, als dessen Vizepräsident Johnson von März bis April dieses Jahres amtiert hatte. Obwohl Johnson Südstaatler war und der oppositionellen Demokratischen Partei angehörte, hatte Lincoln ihn für dieses Amt ausgewählt, da er die Anhänger der Konföderation nach dem Ende des Bürgerkriegs mit der Union versöhnen wollte. Johnsons Amtszeit als Präsident war jedoch von anhaltenden Konflikten mit dem Kongress geprägt und gilt unter Historikern als eine der schwächsten der US-Geschichte. Johnson war der erste US-Präsident, gegen den ein Amtsenthebungsverfahren angestrengt wurde.
Aus ärmlichen Verhältnissen stammend, hatte Johnson wenig reguläre Schulbildung genossen. Er arbeitete zunächst als Schneider und begann seine politische Laufbahn als Bürgermeister einer Kleinstadt. Später wurde er ins Parlament von Tennessee und ins US-Repräsentantenhaus gewählt. Von 1853 bis 1857 bekleidete Johnson das Amt des Gouverneurs von Tennessee, bevor er diesen Bundesstaat zwischen 1857 und 1862 im US-Senat vertrat. Während des Sezessionskriegs trat er als einziger namhafter Politiker aus den Südstaaten gegen deren Abspaltung von der Union auf. Daher wurde er 1862 zum Militärgouverneur seines von Unionstruppen besetzten Heimatstaates Tennessee ernannt. Zudem nominierte der Republikaner Lincoln ihn vor der Präsidentschaftswahl von 1864 im Rahmen der National Union Party zu seinem Kandidaten für die Vizepräsidentschaft. Dieses Amt übte Andrew Johnson vor Lincolns Ermordung nur sechs Wochen lang aus.
Seine Jahre im Weißen Haus waren geprägt von der sogenannten Reconstruction sowie einem Zurückdrehen von Lincolns Politik der Gleichbehandlung von Bürgern schwarzer und weißer Hautfarbe: Johnson war der Meinung, dass die Weißen in intellektueller und moralischer Hinsicht die „überlegene Rasse“ seien. Die Frage, ob die ehemaligen Konföderierten unter harten oder milden Bedingungen wieder vollwertig in die USA aufgenommen werden sollten, führte zu erheblichen politischen Spannungen. Senatoren und Abgeordnete der Republikaner, die den Kongress dominierten, traten für eine harte Bestrafung der Südstaaten-Anführer sowie umfassende Bürgerrechte für die ehemaligen afroamerikanischen Sklaven ein, was der Präsident aufgrund seiner rassistischen Weltanschauung bekämpfte. Seine Blockadehaltung gegenüber dem Kongress, vor allem bei weitreichenden Rechten für Schwarze, gipfelte Anfang 1868 in einem nur knapp gescheiterten Amtsenthebungsverfahren. Daher hatte Johnson im Herbst 1868 keine Chance, wiedergewählt zu werden. Im März 1869 löste ihn der Republikaner Ulysses S. Grant ab. Außenpolitisch konnte Johnson jedoch 1867 mit dem Ankauf Alaskas einen Erfolg verzeichnen.
Aufgrund seiner kompromisslosen Haltung gegenüber dem Kongress, vor allem in Fragen der Bürgerrechte für Afroamerikaner, wird seine Amtsführung heute von den meisten Historikern und US-Bürgern in Umfragen regelmäßig als eine der schlechtesten aller Zeiten bewertet. Nach dem Ende seiner Präsidentschaft blieb Johnson politisch aktiv; 1875 wurde er wenige Monate vor seinem Tod nochmals zum US-Senator gewählt, nachdem zwei vorige Bewerbungen für den Kongress gescheitert waren. Bis heute ist er der einzige Präsident, der nach seiner Amtszeit in den Senat gewählt wurde.
Andrew Johnson locket portrait circa 1840, possibly created c. 1840; the locket was in the possession of great-granddaughter Margaret Johnson Patterson Bartlett (1903–1992) as of 1972, its current whereabouts are unclear
Title: Andrew Johnson Physical description: 1 print. Notes: This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card.; Associated name on shelflist card: Bufford.
Title: Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States and Vice President to Abraham Lincoln Abstract/medium: 1 photograph : albumen print on card mount ; mount 10 x 6 cm (carte de visite format)
A replica of Andrew Johnsons tailor shop in Rutledge, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. Johnson operated the tailor shop for six months in the 1820s. He eventually returned to his home base in Greeneville, where rose through the political ranks and eventually succeeded Lincoln as U.S. president. The current replica was built in 1976.
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Bildquelle: AndrewJohnson1860.png Autor: Wikipedia / Jesse H. Whitehurst zugeschrieben Lizenz: gemeinfrei
Title: Andy Johnson, Military Gov. of Tenn Physical description: 1 print : lithograph ; 33.9 (36.1 with text) x 23.8 cm. Notes: Associated name on shelflist card: Ehrgott, Forbriger & Company, Cincinnati.; The same stone, with only a change of face, was used for the other portraits in this groups: Chase, Lincoln, Morton, Tod.; This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card (copy of P&AGA catalog card).
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Bildquelle: thumbnail.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / Lizenz: gemeinfrei
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Manuscript letter Archives Number: 1002/9.3-159#038 Senate chamber June 1st Dear Sir, I have your note of the 28th ult. asking for a copy of the Report of the Impeachment Trial. I should be glad to send you one if I could but the few copies I may have to distribute will be not enough to satisfy the demands of my own constituency, which is a large and exacting one- and [preeminently] a reading community. Yours Truly, Charles Sumner E.C. Richardson Esq Savvanah Ga [pencil annotation:] 170 [endorsed reverse, covered by adhered paper:] 186[?] / Washington / 17 June. / C. Sumner Keywords: document; henry w.l. dana papers (long 17314); long archives; charles sumner; andrew johnson; manuscript; correspondence; politics; politicians; Collected Materials (1002/009); (LONG-SeriesName); Miscellaneous Famous People (1002/009.003); (LONG-SubseriesName); Sumner; Charles (1811-1874) Papers; 1837-1870 (1002/009.003-159); (LONG-FileUnitName)
Manuscript letter Archives Number: 1002/9.3-159#038 Senate chamber June 1st Dear Sir, I have your note of the 28th ult. asking for a copy of the Report of the Impeachment Trial. I should be glad to send you one if I could but the few copies I may have to distribute will be not enough to satisfy the demands of my own constituency, which is a large and exacting one- and [preeminently] a reading community. Yours Truly, Charles Sumner E.C. Richardson Esq Savvanah Ga [pencil annotation:] 170 [endorsed reverse, covered by adhered paper:] 186[?] / Washington / 17 June. / C. Sumner Keywords: document; henry w.l. dana papers (long 17314); long archives; charles sumner; andrew johnson; manuscript; correspondence; politics; politicians; Collected Materials (1002/009); (LONG-SeriesName); Miscellaneous Famous People (1002/009.003); (LONG-SubseriesName); Sumner; Charles (1811-1874) Papers; 1837-1870 (1002/009.003-159); (LONG-FileUnitName)
Manuscript letter Archives Number: 1002/9.3-038#001 Richard Henry Dana Jr.s new book; comments regarding President Andrew Johnsons situation. No transcription is available for this letter. Contact LONG_archives@nps.gov to learn about volunteering to transcribe. Keywords: document; correspondence; henry w.l. dana papers (long 17314); long archives; george william curtis; andrew johnson; edmund trowbridge dana (1818-1869); richard henry dana jr.; literature; politics; reformers; Collected Materials (1002/009); (LONG-SeriesName); Miscellaneous Famous People (1002/009.003); (LONG-SubseriesName); Curtis; George William (1824-1892) Papers; 1866-1882 (1002/009.003-038); (LONG-FileUnitName)
Manuscript letter Archives Number: 1002/9.3-038#001 Richard Henry Dana Jr.s new book; comments regarding President Andrew Johnsons situation. No transcription is available for this letter. Contact LONG_archives@nps.gov to learn about volunteering to transcribe. Keywords: document; correspondence; henry w.l. dana papers (long 17314); long archives; george william curtis; andrew johnson; edmund trowbridge dana (1818-1869); richard henry dana jr.; literature; politics; reformers; Collected Materials (1002/009); (LONG-SeriesName); Miscellaneous Famous People (1002/009.003); (LONG-SubseriesName); Curtis; George William (1824-1892) Papers; 1866-1882 (1002/009.003-038); (LONG-FileUnitName)
Tennessee Historical Commission marker in Greeneville, Tennessee, United States, recalling the Greeneville Union Convention, or the Greeneville session of the East Tennessee Convention, which took place in the city on the eve of the U.S. Civil War in June 1861. This convention attempted to form a separate state in East Tennessee that would have remained in the Union.
This is a monument to Andrew Johnson located on the grounds of the the Moore County Courthouse, Carthage, North Carolina. Johnson, who at one time resided in the area, served as Abraham Lincolns Vice President during Lincolns second term. Upon Lincolns assassination, Andrew Johnson became the 17th President of the United States. His one term in office was a stormy one, as he dealt with the problems of Reconstruction and a largely-hostile Congress.
Title New Hampshire copperhead abuse of Andrew Johnson. [1865]. Created / Published 1865. Headings - United States--New Hampshire Genre Broadsides--New Hampshire Notes - Available also through the Library of Congress web site in two forms: as facsimile page images and as full text in SGML. - Printed Ephemera Collection; Portfolio 94, Folder 11. Medium 1 p.; 27.5 x 18 cm. Call Number/Physical Location Portfolio 94, Folder 11 Source Collection Broadsides, leaflets, and pamphlets from America and Europe Digital Id http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbpe.09401100 Library of Congress Control Number 2020778138 OCLC Number rbpe09401100 Online Format online text image pdf LCCN Permalink https://lccn.loc.gov/2020778138 Additional Metadata Formats MARCXML Record MODS Record Dublin Core Record
Creator: Created by Unidentified (creator); Subject of Hiester Clymer, American, 1827 - 1884 (creator); Date: 1866; Material: ink on wove paper; Measurements: H x W: 2 9/16× 3 5/8 in. (6.5 × 9.2 cm) CREATOR Created by Unidentified Subject of Hiester Clymer, American, 1827 - 1884 TITLE Civil Rights! Miscegenation Allowed by Congress, Despite the Veto of the President/ WORK TYPE Slavery and Freedom Objects Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera Racist and Stereotypical Objects DATE 1866 DESCRIPTION A satirical illustrated card about the Civil Rights Act of 1866, titled Civil Rights! Miscegenation Allowed by Congress, Despite the Veto of the President. Show more The illustration shows a white bride and a caricatured Black groom appearing before a minister. The groom says Massa, you must marry us. De law says so. The minister sighs Marriage is a contract. I must do this or be fined. Text below the illustration reads [The President vetoed the Bill in order to protect the White Man. / Congress passed it over his head to benefit the Negro.] and continues to mention three Pennsylvania state politicians who were running for office as Republicans in the 1866 election: Geary, Forney, and Cameron as being in favor of the bill. The reverse of the card continues the racist textual attack against the Civil Rights Act, beginning with the admonishment [READ THE BILL! READ THE VETO!]. Show more LOCATION Place Used: Pennsylvania, United States, North and Central America MEDIUM ink on wove paper MEASUREMENTS H x W: 2 9/16 × 3 5/8 in. (6.5 × 9.2 cm) REPOSITORY National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture ACCESSION NUMBER 2020.26.39 SUBJECTS African American Caricature and cartoons Civil Rights Law Politics Race discrimination Race relations Reconstruction, U.S. History, 1865-1877 Slavery White supremacy movements SOURCE Image and original data from the National Museum of African American History and Culture MUSEUM IMAGE URL https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2020.26.39 About this collection Part of Open: Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture Terms and copyright LICENSE LicenseCreative Commons: Free Reuse (CC0) RIGHTS NOTES Image: No Known Copyright Restrictions; Work: Public domain This item is openly available as part of an Open Artstor collection. For terms of use, please refer to our Terms & Conditions.
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Bildquelle: NUV1864.png Autor: Wikipedia / Bureau of Engraving and Printing Lizenz: gemeinfrei
Oval portrait in DNC blue of Senator Andrew Johnson of Tennessee, Democrat, nominee of the National Union ticket in 1864
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Bildquelle: Our_Military_Presidents.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / U.S. Air Force graphic/Senior Airman Luis Loza Gutierrez Lizenz: gemeinfrei
Diagram of U.S. Military Presidents with highest obtained rank, starting from the first to most recent president to have served. (Presidential images courtesy of educational, governmental and historical public sources. U.S. Air Force graphic/Senior Airman Luis Loza Gutierrez) GRAND FORKS AIR FORCE BASE, N.D -- The majority of our nations presidents hold the distinction of once being referred to as brothers-in-arms before they ever held the title of Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Armed Forces. In observance of Presidents Day, we present the following facts: Thirty-one of our 44 American presidents have served in the military, and 12 of them have been general officers (O-7 to O-11 with one, at least in theory, O-12). The three presidents to hold the highest military ranks were: George Washington, Dwight D. Eisenhower and Ulysses S. Grant, respectively. Washington held the rank of lieutenant general (O-9) when he died, but in 1976, then-president Gerald R. Ford posthumously appointed him to General of the Armies of the United States. The only other person to hold the same title was Gen. John J. Pershing, who retired on Sept. 13, 1924. Although both Washington and Pershing received the same appointment, Washington is considered the higher-ranking officer as President Ford specified he would rank higher than all officers past, present and future. This special appointment would theoretically make Washington a six-star general - or O-12. President Eisenhower reached the status of a five-star general while serving as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during World War II (1942-1945). He is one of only nine U.S. officers to have worn the five-star insignia. In all, four Army generals, four Navy admirals, and one Air Force general have officially worn the five-star insignia. President Grant served as lieutenant general until Congress enacted legislation authorizing the grade of General of the Army on July 25, 1866. Although that title is associated with the five-star insignia, Grant held the position as a four-star general. He saw combat in both the Mexican-American War and the Civil War. In addition to those who went on to achieve general officer ranks, ten of the presidents obtained the rank of colonel (O-6). Two of those colonels were also two of our nations Founding Fathers: Thomas Jefferson (third president) and James Madison (fourth president). Both were militia men. Another president who served as an Army colonel was Theodore Roosevelt (26th president). During the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt helped organized and command the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, better known as the Rough Riders. As a former president, Roosevelt volunteered for service in World War I, however, then-president Woodrow Wilson, declined Roosevelts offer. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor in 2001. Two of the presidents reached the pay grade of O-5. One of those O-5s was our 36th president and former Navy commander, Lyndon B. Johnson. LBJ served during World War II and was presented a Silver Star medal by Army Gen. Douglas MacArthur for his role on a B-26 bomber mission. The other was President James Monroe (fifth president). Two other presidents who had notable military service in the Navy were John F. Kennedy and George H. W. Bush, our 35th and 41st presidents respectively. Both men achieved the rank of lieutenant (O-3) and both served during World War II. JFK earned a Purple Heart and a Navy and Marine Corps Medal for heroism. Our 41st president, President George H. W. Bush, remains the youngest person to ever become an aviator in the U.S. Navy. The former Sailor also earned the Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions during a mission. He completed his attack on Japanese military forces despite his aircraft catching fire and ultimately crashing. President Bushs son, George W. Bush became our nations 43rd president, but not before serving as a pilot in the Texas and Alabama Air National Guard. He is currently the only president to have served in the modern-day U.S. Air Force. However, Ronald Reagan, our 40th president, was part of the Air Forces early history. Reagan served as a captain in the U.S. Army Air Force (also known as Army Air Corps). He helped make more than 400 training films when he was assigned to the 1st Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, Calif. He was discharged from active duty in 1945, prior to the Air Force becoming its own separate military service in 1947. James Buchanan, our 15th president, held the lowest rank among our military presidents. He was a private (E-1) in the Army, and the only president who enlisted without becoming an officer. He saw combat during the War of 1812. Buchanans successor, President Abraham Lincoln, was a private in the Illinois State Militia. He fought in the Black Hawk War, and although his military service was only three months, he was elected to the rank of captain by his militia company. According to Renee Hylton, a historian for the National Guard Bureau, election of officers within militia units was a common practice at the times.
Title: Portrait of Andrew Johnson / A. Gardner, photographer, 511 Seventh Street, Washington. Abstract/medium: 1 photographic print : albumen silver ; photo 46.5 x 37.8 cm, on mount 52.1 x 39.5 cm.
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Bildquelle: Pres_andrew_johnson.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / Mathew Brady studio Lizenz: gemeinfrei
President of the United States of America Andrew Johnson
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