J. Edgar Hoover war ein Direktor des FBI, der am 1. Januar 1895 in Washington, D.C. geboren wurde und am 2. Mai 1972 ebenda verstarb. Hoover war das jüngste von vier Kindern und wuchs in einem von Staatsbediensteten geprägten Umfeld auf. Seine Eltern waren konservativ und religiös, wobei seine Mutter die dominierende Figur im Haushalt war. In seiner Jugend engagierte er sich im Debattierclub und als Kapitän des Cadet Corps an der Central High School. Nach seinem Studium der Rechtswissenschaften an der George Washington University begann Hoover 1917 seine Karriere im US-Justizministerium. Er stieg schnell auf und wurde 1919 Leiter der General Intelligence Division. Dort erwarb er sich einen Ruf als Antikommunist, indem er die Deportation von Emma Goldman und Alexander Berkman vorantrieb. Zusammen mit Alexander Mitchell Palmer organisierte er die Palmer Raids, eine Massenverhaftung von mutmaßlichen Kommunisten. 1921 wechselte Hoover als Vizedirektor ins Bureau of Investigation (BOI). Im Jahr 1924 wurde Hoover zum Direktor des BOI ernannt, das er während seiner langen Amtszeit zu einer schlagkräftigen Organisation ausbaute. Hoover professionalisierte das BOI, indem er auf Unbestechlichkeit und wissenschaftliche Methoden setzte. Er führte eine zentrale Fingerabdruckkartei ein, schuf ein kriminaltechnisches Labor und gründete eine Ausbildungsakademie. Hoover erkannte die Bedeutung der Medien und nutzte sie geschickt für seine Zwecke. 1935 wurde das BOI in Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) umbenannt. Vor dem Kriegseintritt der USA verlagerte sich Hoovers Fokus auf die Abwehr von "Staatsfeinden". Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs gründete er den Special Intelligence Service für Spionageaktionen in Lateinamerika. Nach dem Krieg verfolgte das FBI unter Hoover verstärkt Spione und Extremisten, insbesondere Kommunisten. Hoover institutionalisierte 1956 das Programm COINTELPRO zur Verfolgung vermeintlicher Kommunisten. Mit dem Aufstieg der Bürgerrechtsbewegung wandte sich Hoover gegen deren Anführer, insbesondere gegen Martin Luther King. Nach dem Attentat auf John F. Kennedy übernahm Hoover persönlich die Ermittlungen des FBI. J. Edgar Hoover starb 1972 in Washington, D.C. an Herzversagen.
J. Edgar Hoover in the 1916 George Washington University Law School yearbook.
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Bildquelle: HooverJoven.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / FBI.gov Lizenz: gemeinfrei
John Edgar Hoover was born in Washington, D.C. on January 1, 1895. Upon completing high school, he began working at the Library of Congress and attending night classes at George Washington University Law School. In 1916, he was awarded his LL.B. and the next year his LL.M. He entered the Department of Justice on July 26, 1917. In November 1918, he was named assistant to the attorney general, and the following year, he headed the Department's General Intelligence Division (GID). When the GID was moved in the Bureau of Investigation in 1921, he became assistant director of the BOI. On May 10, 1924, Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stone appointed the 29-year-old Hoover acting director of the Bureau, and by the end of the year Mr. Hoover was named Director (FBI.gov).
J. Edgar Hoover by Samuel Johnson Woolf, 1935, charcoal and chalk on paper, from the National Portrait Gallery as a gift of Time magazine. The National Portrait Gallery has explicitly released this digital image under the CC0 license. (https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.78.TC451)
Director Hoover receives the National Security Medal from President Dwight Eisenhower on May 27, 1955, as then-Vice President Richard Nixon and others look on.
Visit of Attorney General and Director of FBI, (left to right) U.S. President John F. Kennedy, F.B.I. director J. Edgar Hoover, U.S. Attorney General (and the President's brother) Robert F. Kennedy. White House Oval Office, 1961. NARA Series: Abbie Rowe White House Photographs, 12/6/1960 - 3/11/1964 Note: Converted to .jpg and border cropped before upload to Wikimedia Commons.
President John F. Kennedy meets with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) J. Edgar Hoover (center) and Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (right). Oval Office, White House, Washington, D.C.
John F. Kennedy and J. Edgar Hoover at the FBI National Academy, October 31, 1962, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
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Bildquelle: Cox,_Hoover,_RFK.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / US Government (by Cecil Stoughton} Lizenz: gemeinfrei
Photograph of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and Solicitor General Archibald Cox in Rose Garden of White House on May 7, 1963.
President Lyndon B. Johnson at the signing the 1964 Civil Rights Act. White House East Room. People watching include Attorney General Robert Kennedy, Senator Hubert Humphrey, First Lady "Lady Bird" Johnson, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., F.B.I. Director J. Edgar Hoover, Speaker of the House John McCormack. Television cameras are broadcasting the ceremony.
President Lyndon B. Johnson at the signing the 1964 Civil Rights Act. White House East Room. People watching include Attorney General Robert Kennedy, Senator Hubert Humphrey, First Lady "Lady Bird" Johnson, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., F.B.I. Director J. Edgar Hoover, Speaker of the House John McCormack. Television cameras are broadcasting the ceremony.
President Lyndon B. Johnson (seated, foreground) working with (background L-R): Marvin Watson, J. Edgar Hoover, Sec. Robert McNamara, Gen. Harold Johnson, Joe Califano, Sec. Of the Army Stanley Resor.
In the early 1970s, the US government conducted surveillance on ex-Beatle John Lennon. This is a letter from FBI director J. Edgar Hoover to the Attorney General. After a 25-year Freedom of Information Act Request battle initiated by historian Jon Wiener, the files were released. Here is one page from the file. This second release received by Wiener showed almost all of the text -- on an earlier version, portions of the text had been blacked out presumably with magic marker -- or what is termed "redacted". Another version of this file (but with more portions redacted) was received by Wiener earlier.
In the early 1970s, the US government conducted surveillance on ex-Beatle John Lennon. This is a letter from FBI director J. Edgar Hoover to the Attorney General. After a 25-year Freedom of Information Act Request battle initiated by historian Jon Wiener, the files were released. Here is one page from the file. This first release received by Wiener had some information missing -- it had been blacked out presumably with magic marker -- or what is termed "redacted". A subsequent version was released which showed almost all of the previously blacked-out text.
Letter of appreciation from J. Edgar Hoover to Bud Uanna - February 5, 1948. It is obvious from this letter and others that Hoover knew about Bud Uanna and could have called him to give an opinion on J. Robert Oppenheimer or the Rosenbergs.
FBI Director Hoover responds to Bud Uanna's request for an autographed photo on January 25, 1954. Again Hoover states his appreciation. The note at the bottom reflects that Mr. Uanna was has been "very" friendly with the Bureau and mentions the 1948 letter of appreciation from Hoover to Bud Uanna.
William Leonard Higgitt, J. Edgar Hoover, RCMP Security Service Director John Starnes, and RCMP Inspector Louis G. Pantry, at FBI Headquarters in 1970.
The La Jolla hotel of mid-twentieth century fame near the Del Mar Racetrack. The original adobe structure was called the La Jolla Stables which comprised the original row of rooms and the central offices. This sketch from the illustrator's memory -- circa 1967 created in August 2013. JAGRAF/X
J. Edgar Hoover fingerprinting Vice President John N. Garner, ca. 1939. 1 negative : glass ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-hec-26298. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Harris & Ewing Collection
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